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You're listening to Strictly Business
Podcast with Lindsay Williams.

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The JSC has closed its doors for another
day, so it's time for the 5 o'clock

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shadow.

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And as always on a Thursday, I speak to
the giant brains of Viv Govender from the

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award-winning RAND Swiss

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and David Shapiro from Sassfin Securities.
David, I saw the

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US CPI data following yesterday's PPI
data.

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The CPI came out this afternoon and the
market started to...

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not roar ahead, but steadily climb.

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And the commentary was, oh, these are
really good numbers for an interest rate

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cut.

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That rose from 2.7% year on year in July
to 2.9%

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year on year in August.

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And the month on month was up as well.

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I don't see where the good comes in.

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To me, inflation went up.

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Am I wrong?

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Well, you know, this is the first, I mean,
generally the Fed looks at inflation.

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But I think in this case,

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They're going to look at the job numbers
and employment.

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And I think if you look there, even today,
the claims was up quite considerably.

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In other words, more people are losing
their jobs, making claims on unemployment.

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So I think this is, you know,

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the dual mandate of full employment and
the other is price stability.

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or so I think...

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You know what interested me is that I
thought all I hear is, yes, there's a 25

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point for September.

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I think that's in the market.

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But when I looked yesterday, it looks like
there's more than one.

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It could be up to three cuts this year in
the market.

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Now, whether this is going to happen or
not, we're going to hear next week what

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Mr. Powell says.

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But I must say there's growing views that
this is imperative for…

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you know for Powell to bring down rates
and to give the other market a little bit

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or the other side of the economy a little
bit

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of a kick you know as Viv says he's
worried about the high levels of profits

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that he's making you know

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he feels he doesn't deserve it and he
wants to give some back so what what I'm

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saying we

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can't talk about Viv's personal life David
this is this is for public consumption,

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but anyway.

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Viv's laughing.

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What I'm trying to say, that's the other
market.

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You know, the AR market, I mean, is just
crazy.

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And we'll talk about Oracle in a few
minutes' time.

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Yes, we will.

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Larry Ellison, congratulations to him.

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At 81, he's the richest man in the world.

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I sent out a tweet.

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I wonder if you could measure who the
poorest man in the world is.

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But Larry Ellison, would you rather be
Larry Ellison or Elon Musk?

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I suppose Elon Musk has got a lot more
time to spend.

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His ill-gotten gains, isn't he?

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Viv, you're agreeing with me.

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You'd rather be Musk rather than Ellison.

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I mean, once you get to like, I mean, I
even think, let's get a few hundred

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million dollars.

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The idea that you could reasonably spend
that money, you know,

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in a lifetime is ridiculous because every
year you're getting a few million dollars

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coming through just as, you know, passive
income.

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So when you have billions, I mean, it's
really going to be a case of ego.

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$400 billion is an amount of money that in
a year would generate.

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like over $10 billion just in like normal
like returns, you know what I mean?

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In interest returns, risk-free returns.

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So yeah, you much rather be the younger
person, whatever the person's name is.

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But with Adelie Edison, the interesting
thing here is that he actually owns more

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of Oracle now than when

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he started off when it was first listed
because of the fact that all the share

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buybacks.

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And that's been like raising the amount
that he owns in the company like over

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time.

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And the interesting thing about this is
that also we are seeing the impact of, you

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know, The downstream things,

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for instance, the most valuable company in
the world is really upstream.

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It's basically the guy who makes the
chips.

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And then we have the people developing
those chips and whatever downstream, which

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is like AI companies, like

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OpenAI and so on.

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But also the cloud companies, because
Oracle is basically getting this huge

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kickoff because of the cloud demand that's
coming through because of AI.

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Okay.

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So there's our Larry Ellison chat.

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Go on, David.

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You know, Mr.

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Ellison has won the America's Cup.

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Oh, he's a sailor, is he?

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That's his hobby.

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Not racing, which can take up a few
billion to build these machines.

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So I think he also fancies jets.

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I don't know what else, and fighter planes
and that.

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So I think there are plenty of areas where
he can actually spend and enjoy it.

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Well, at least he does his on Earth rather
than Mars, which is where Musk goes.

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Well, it's not in space, but it is pretty
high up.

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Yeah, those yachts, you know, those
America's Cup yachts are extraordinary.

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There used to be a couple of chaps with
ropes and canvas and everything, but now

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it's the I mean,

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these are almost more sophisticated than a
SpaceX rocket, these things.

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I don't know if you've seen them, Viv.

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Yeah, but even Davidson, it's actually a
couple of hundred million at most.

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So think of it this way.

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Larry Ellison at $400 billion, and if he
gets even a 5% return,

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20 billion dollars basically of uh you
know of income coming in a year

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It will take not even a week for him to
basically get more money than he could

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ever spend on the America's

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Cup.

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That is what I'm saying.

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When you have this kind of money, it's
literally impossible to spend it.

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Every year, you have another 20 billion in
the America's Cup.

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It's a problem to deal with in terms of
more money coming in.

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Forgetting about how much money is making
just for the stock price rising.

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So, yeah, it's a ridiculous amount of
money.

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Viv, what you're going to do while I'm
speaking to David briefly is...

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Work out the 400 billion at 5%.

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When does he become a trillionaire?

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That's a nice easy one for you.

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With compounding interest, when does he
become a trillionaire?

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How many years?

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Will he become a trillionaire before he's
100?

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David, while Viv does that,

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can you tell me a little bit about what
happened on the JSC today?

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Because we had First Rand and the shares
shooting up, and we also had Discovery.

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Did you look at both of those?

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I looked at them, yeah.

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There were two results out today.

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There was First Rand and Discovery,

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which used to have a connection at some
point of their existence.

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But I couldn't see anything exceptional
about First Rand.

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It's good.

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It's a very solid result.

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Remember, I think they've got very good
brands.

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I'm not a great supporter of the big
banks, but they've got West Bank,

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they've got RMB.

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And they just produce very solid, steady
profits.

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And, you know, 10% is probably at the top
side of where we could have expected them.

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But, you know, it's a pretty decent
earning.

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And why the markets responded the way it
has, I'm not quite sure.

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I just, Lindsay, I just think markets are
urging to go.

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And you can feel that they want to go.

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You know, we've seen it with gold shares,
platinum shares.

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And I think it's coming down to those
companies that underperformed.

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And your good friend, the very nice hedge
fund manager, value fund manager,

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Mr.

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John Bickard, I think could be right.

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I honestly, you know, for whatever reason,
I think that some of those companies that

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have been smashed down,

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despite the fact that the SA economy is
battling along, it's really struggling.

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I think And there's a kind of urge to push
these share prices up.

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And it's in line with the rest of the
world.

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Interesting.

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Because I think headline earnings per
share for first round was up 10% or

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something.

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It was very pedestrian.

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But I think what happened was that they
performed well despite the fact they had a

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tax problem, David.

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No, I don't want to talk about tax.

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And it's still there.

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Yeah, exactly.

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That's still there.

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And they've made a provision for that.

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It may be, you know what?

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In fact, you've hit on a point that may be
why the share price went in.

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In other words, they've identified, okay,
we're putting away X.

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Yes, exactly.

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Before it was open-ended.

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No one was quite sure how much this could
cost them.

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Yes.

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This is the claim in the U.S., this motor
claim,

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that that might be a very valid reason
that you've just brought up, that people,

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it's almost relief.

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Okay, we can move ahead.

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It's held us back in the past.

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There's an, we can identify how much
they've set aside, which is likely the

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upper end of what a claim could be.

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Let's move ahead.

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Exactly.

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And it reminds me of what a bookmaker said
to me in Johannesburg when I first came to

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Johannesburg.

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And, you know, it was very lax.

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You could run up an account and just pay
when you could.

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And of course, I ran up an account and he
said, Lindsay, it's been a month now.

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Pay and the pain goes away.

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And I always remember, so that's what
First Round are doing in a way as well.

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Viv, could it be a 50 basis point cut next
Wednesday from Powell and his team?

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Because the last time that happened
actually was quite recently.

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It was during, it was right at the end of
the Biden administration.

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He cut 50 basis points then.

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And I think that people said that was
politically motivated.

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Could there be a political 50 basis points
from the Fed, Viv?

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It's possible.

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Thank you.

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Just on first round, I mean, the results
are 10%.

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But look at the P ratio, 11.

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Look at the dividend yield, 5.

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A company growing at 10%, well, that is
still cheap, those ratios.

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But, yeah, looking at Powell's decision, I
mean, did you guys see that million job

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miss?

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Yeah, 911,000.

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That's 76,000 a month.

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That was quite startling.

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Go on, Viv.

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Yeah.

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So that means that basically, I mean,
there was a term coined at the end of

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Biden's administration called the vibe
session.

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And people are saying that the numbers
look great, but people just don't feel

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happy.

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It turns out when you are given a choice
between people's feelings and numbers, the

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people's feelings are usually right.

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And it appears that the US economy was
actually a lot weaker than people have

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been thinking,

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just because the official numbers were
basically overstating how many jobs there

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were in the country.

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Like I said, 77,000 every month for like
the last year, until March, basically.

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showing that if the economy is that much
weaker, that it kind of makes sense that

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if the Fed was thinking, you know,

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about cutting previously to these numbers
coming out, they should be much more

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convinced to cut right now.

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And maybe, like you said, a 50 basis point
cut in this scenario might even be

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justified.

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Okay, well, we'll wait and see.

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Just before we go to the numbers, I want
to talk about the assassination of Charlie

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Kirk last night because it was

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around about nine o'clock.

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And as soon as it came up and said, they
don't know what his condition is, I knew

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he was dead.

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And the blame game has started.

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Who started what?

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We've got to stop this rhetoric, and it
all started with this person.

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That means nothing.

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What it does show, and David, you're going
to the States next week.

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It shows a desperately and disastrously
divided nation, and it's quite dangerous,

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isn't it?

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Totally.

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You know, when it came out and I saw it,
and I actually saw a video,

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Which is really of him being shot.

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Someone was taking a picture and you just
see the bullet hit his neck and you see

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the blood spurt out.

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It's something that they couldn't even do
in the movies.

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00:11:36.950 --> 00:11:39.208
And it is really frightening.

239
00:11:39.614 --> 00:11:42.872
But you know, you bring it up.

240
00:11:42.997 --> 00:11:44.622
This is a divided nation.

241
00:11:45.122 --> 00:11:48.138
And where you have a divided nation like
this,

242
00:11:49.404 --> 00:11:53.107
where the rhetoric is so angry and so
bitter.

243
00:11:53.960 --> 00:11:56.222
you're going to get individuals acting
this way.

244
00:11:56.503 --> 00:12:02.990
You know, because they come frustrated
that they can't get their way, I think

245
00:12:02.990 --> 00:12:04.990
they exercise their anger.

246
00:12:04.990 --> 00:12:06.990
And this is not groups.

247
00:12:06.990 --> 00:12:08.990
These are individuals.

248
00:12:08.990 --> 00:12:10.216
They exercise this anger, you know, by
extreme measures, which is like

249
00:12:10.216 --> 00:12:12.216
assassinations.

250
00:12:12.216 --> 00:12:13.466
And I think, you know, as you mentioned,

251
00:12:13.482 --> 00:12:19.732
I think they will occur in a country that
is kind of polarized or fragmented.

252
00:12:20.388 --> 00:12:22.544
So, and, you know, to be honest.

253
00:12:22.836 --> 00:12:25.538
The man at the top is not exactly an
angel.

254
00:12:26.018 --> 00:12:26.999
You know, he's not the man.

255
00:12:27.042 --> 00:12:33.463
He himself is a man who creates or has
created a lot of division

256
00:12:34.549 --> 00:12:36.487
within the population on both sides.

257
00:12:36.807 --> 00:12:43.588
So it's not only you're getting extreme
right-wing

258
00:12:43.651 --> 00:12:46.182
violence, you're getting it on the left as
well.

259
00:12:46.901 --> 00:12:48.760
We assume it was on the left, but yes.

260
00:12:50.260 --> 00:12:51.823
So, you know, I...

261
00:12:51.988 --> 00:12:57.095
For me, it identifies where America is.

262
00:12:57.153 --> 00:13:00.618
And the strangest thing is that today it's
9-11, hey?

263
00:13:01.321 --> 00:13:05.282
And this was the last act where actually
people felt unified.

264
00:13:05.860 --> 00:13:09.259
They felt American. It lifted their
spirits.

265
00:13:09.290 --> 00:13:11.946
It made them very bipartisan.

266
00:13:12.462 --> 00:13:13.852
Everybody was in the same boat.

267
00:13:13.946 --> 00:13:15.509
And it's so strange that it's come.

268
00:13:15.915 --> 00:13:17.634
And here you are 24 laters.

269
00:13:17.696 --> 00:13:20.555
You've got a completely divided country.

270
00:13:20.868 --> 00:13:25.313
Anyway, I just feel very bitter, angry
about it and very sorry, you know,

271
00:13:25.434 --> 00:13:30.160
certainly that this is the way that people
are venting their frustration.

272
00:13:30.277 --> 00:13:33.441
Maybe it'll be one of those things where
people say, right, that's enough now.

273
00:13:34.020 --> 00:13:36.199
Let's tone it down on social media.

274
00:13:36.285 --> 00:13:41.606
I mean, that woman that we follow
occasionally, David Jojo from Jers.

275
00:13:41.902 --> 00:13:46.809
I mean, she's funny and everything, but
down there she deeply, deeply hates Donald

276
00:13:46.809 --> 00:13:46.915
Trump.

277
00:13:46.915 --> 00:13:47.556
Yeah.

278
00:13:47.556 --> 00:13:49.481
And that does come across maybe people
like her.

279
00:13:50.096 --> 00:13:56.304
on the left and you know people like um
james woods the actor on the right have

280
00:13:57.163 --> 00:14:02.945
have got to stop now viv you can come in
come in here looking looking at this

281
00:14:04.413 --> 00:14:11.101
i saw a video and it's quite sad because
i've got a daughter the same age and he's

282
00:14:11.101 --> 00:14:13.101
a video his daughter running up to him
like you know at some previous point you

283
00:14:13.101 --> 00:14:15.023
know not a bit at that date and calling no
daddy and stuff and then apparently she

284
00:14:15.023 --> 00:14:15.379
was

285
00:14:15.379 --> 00:14:21.907
at the event or his family was at the
event and so i just think to myself you

286
00:14:21.907 --> 00:14:23.907
know that's it's a person with a kid a
very young child a

287
00:14:23.907 --> 00:14:28.750
three-year-old uh and i think another a
younger child as well uh and then from

288
00:14:28.750 --> 00:14:30.750
from that's just that's your point of view
it's not these

289
00:14:30.750 --> 00:14:35.383
people you know that are killed but what i
do have to say that you know the us has a

290
00:14:35.383 --> 00:14:37.383
history of this i mean people forget how
dangerous the 60s were

291
00:14:37.383 --> 00:14:42.461
you killed the president you killed the
president's brother you killed the number

292
00:14:42.461 --> 00:14:44.461
one civil rights leader in the country you
killed uh he's number two as well

293
00:14:44.461 --> 00:14:46.969
You talk about murders were happening all
the time, multiple bombings.

294
00:14:47.468 --> 00:14:51.729
The US has a very violent kind of streak
through it.

295
00:14:51.730 --> 00:14:53.690
I mean, something you don't see in many
other countries.

296
00:14:53.714 --> 00:14:58.870
I mean, you might have seen that in the UK
with the IRA, but you're not seeing the

297
00:14:58.870 --> 00:15:00.870
Tories and the

298
00:15:00.870 --> 00:15:00.948
Labour Party going like that.

299
00:15:01.651 --> 00:15:03.854
But the US, you might be seeing something
like that happen.

300
00:15:04.385 --> 00:15:10.557
And the danger here is that normally in
these situations, you have people in

301
00:15:10.557 --> 00:15:12.557
charge that are going to tamp things down.

302
00:15:12.557 --> 00:15:13.198
I remember when Barack Obama had that
whole kind of...

303
00:15:13.356 --> 00:15:20.069
with thoughts and prayers kind of stuff
happening when uh that uh madman killed a

304
00:15:20.069 --> 00:15:22.069
whole bunch of people in a black church uh

305
00:15:22.069 --> 00:15:27.440
trump is not doing that trump is saying
you know we're gonna go after the people

306
00:15:27.440 --> 00:15:29.440
that did this he's ramping things up uh
and

307
00:15:29.440 --> 00:15:33.969
you know my fear is that you know we don't
trump will push things when the economy is

308
00:15:33.969 --> 00:15:35.969
the thing that went against him.

309
00:15:35.969 --> 00:15:36.229
We see an economy that's weak at the
moment.

310
00:15:37.268 --> 00:15:39.831
It'd be a very easy thing for him to do to
try and push forward.

311
00:15:40.190 --> 00:15:41.307
You know, we're under threat.

312
00:15:41.448 --> 00:15:42.791
It's a dangerous kind of environment.

313
00:15:44.268 --> 00:15:46.432
If, you know, the economy is suffering and
that kind of stuff.

314
00:15:46.932 --> 00:15:48.456
And that is the fear I have at the moment.

315
00:15:48.471 --> 00:15:52.815
It's that, you know, he's going to be
using this not as a case of, you know,

316
00:15:53.331 --> 00:15:58.831
he's going to use this as if George Bush
used it as a political event.

317
00:15:59.456 --> 00:16:05.339
And basically went after his enemies and
said it was the Democrats that led all

318
00:16:05.339 --> 00:16:07.339
these, you know, foreigners into the
country around 9-11.

319
00:16:07.339 --> 00:16:07.558
It could be a very different country at
the moment.

320
00:16:07.581 --> 00:16:10.199
And I think, unfortunately, Trump's going
to do something like that.

321
00:16:10.222 --> 00:16:10.922
Oh, gosh.

322
00:16:10.922 --> 00:16:11.722
Well, I hope not.

323
00:16:11.902 --> 00:16:15.917
OK, let's move on to things that we can
try and understand.

324
00:16:15.918 --> 00:16:18.933
And that's the markets where the dollar
round is 1741.

325
00:16:18.980 --> 00:16:21.636
The round really is doing so well.

326
00:16:21.667 --> 00:16:25.136
And I had an interview yesterday with
somebody who's in the.

327
00:16:25.796 --> 00:16:31.743
in the bond market and the South African
bond market, if you look at it compared to

328
00:16:31.743 --> 00:16:33.743
its developed market peers, has done so
well.

329
00:16:33.743 --> 00:16:34.782
For example, I'll come to that in a
second, the 10-year.

330
00:16:34.783 --> 00:16:36.266
But let's carry on with the currencies.

331
00:16:36.587 --> 00:16:39.469
British pound against the round 23.63.

332
00:16:39.470 --> 00:16:41.571
The euro round is 20.44.

333
00:16:41.572 --> 00:16:44.212
Euro dollar 1.1740.

334
00:16:44.213 --> 00:16:48.399
That is a euro that is a percent higher in
24 hours.

335
00:16:48.899 --> 00:16:53.259
British pound against the US dollar
1.3575.

336
00:16:53.260 --> 00:16:54.727
The pound up 1.2%.

337
00:16:54.728 --> 00:16:59.551
percent Gold price is $36.37, which is
down slightly.

338
00:16:59.609 --> 00:17:02.551
The platinum price is flat at $13.98.

339
00:17:02.552 --> 00:17:06.469
And Palladium, which had a really good day
yesterday, has had another good day today.

340
00:17:06.547 --> 00:17:11.328
$12.32, up $20 or 1.6%.

341
00:17:11.875 --> 00:17:13.265
Now, other commodities.

342
00:17:13.359 --> 00:17:19.515
And I'm adding copper, gentlemen, to the
normal, just crude oil, apart from the

343
00:17:19.515 --> 00:17:21.515
precious metals,

344
00:17:21.515 --> 00:17:21.797
because of what Harmony has done.

345
00:17:21.875 --> 00:17:27.599
And also, more importantly, the tech and
Anglo merger, which is all about copper.

346
00:17:28.259 --> 00:17:32.708
But we've got West Texas crude at $62.57,
down 1.7%.

347
00:17:32.802 --> 00:17:36.427
Brent crude oil at $66.52, down 1.4%.

348
00:17:36.428 --> 00:17:39.810
And the copper price is up 0.9% in New
York.

349
00:17:39.935 --> 00:17:46.497
This is dollars per pound on the commodity
exchange in New York, 4.583,

350
00:17:47.154 --> 00:17:53.461
which is, as I say, it's close 1% up so
it's 458 And doing rather nicely.

351
00:17:53.861 --> 00:17:54.561
What else we got?

352
00:17:54.562 --> 00:17:58.906
We got the US 10-year Treasury bond, which
is just about to break 4%.

353
00:17:58.907 --> 00:18:05.371
4.003 at the moment, another two and a
half basis points down on the yield.

354
00:18:05.652 --> 00:18:08.879
And that's after the CPI data and the jobs
data today.

355
00:18:09.723 --> 00:18:14.207
The South African 10-year, five months
ago, almost to the day,

356
00:18:14.316 --> 00:18:17.723
this was 11.08, I think it was.

357
00:18:18.082 --> 00:18:20.363
It's now 9.38.

358
00:18:20.716 --> 00:18:22.598
Another 10 basis points down.

359
00:18:22.617 --> 00:18:26.080
The strength of the RAND, the strength of
the bond markets overseas.

360
00:18:26.081 --> 00:18:27.662
This is an extraordinary performance.

361
00:18:29.221 --> 00:18:32.307
It's like 170 basis points in five months.

362
00:18:32.330 --> 00:18:35.229
If you'd have been long of that, well done
to you.

363
00:18:35.713 --> 00:18:41.955
S&P 500 futures, 6583, up 0.7%, close to
all-time record highs.

364
00:18:41.956 --> 00:18:43.580
In fact, they are all-time record highs.

365
00:18:44.143 --> 00:18:49.549
And the Bitcoin price also doing very well
indeed, 114,500.

366
00:18:49.660 --> 00:18:51.823
plus a little bit of change.

367
00:18:51.923 --> 00:18:53.483
So, David, things going well.

368
00:18:53.503 --> 00:18:55.827
This is an extraordinary bull market,
isn't it?

369
00:18:55.886 --> 00:18:57.206
It just keeps on going.

370
00:18:57.308 --> 00:18:58.706
I know.

371
00:18:58.847 --> 00:19:02.253
And, you know, it could continue for some
time.

372
00:19:03.690 --> 00:19:09.104
I'm not, you know, one does get a little
nervous, but you can feel the momentum,

373
00:19:09.104 --> 00:19:11.104
you know,

374
00:19:11.104 --> 00:19:13.104
building up and ready to go.

375
00:19:13.104 --> 00:19:14.386
And a lot depends on what Powell says.

376
00:19:14.448 --> 00:19:15.979
But if he says the right thing.

377
00:19:16.652 --> 00:19:19.274
and he moves towards reducing rates,

378
00:19:19.334 --> 00:19:23.739
then this can continue and can broaden
out.

379
00:19:24.098 --> 00:19:28.043
The one thing, this is still very much an
AI market.

380
00:19:28.707 --> 00:19:30.707
I use AI in a much broader sense.

381
00:19:31.106 --> 00:19:37.215
It's still driven by 20-odd tech companies
or maybe a little more,

382
00:19:37.293 --> 00:19:38.309
some of the smaller ones.

383
00:19:38.793 --> 00:19:44.496
We haven't quite seen it migrate or go
into…

384
00:19:46.160 --> 00:19:47.621
other areas of the market.

385
00:19:47.722 --> 00:19:51.865
So for the first time actually today with
the CPI,

386
00:19:52.287 --> 00:19:59.057
I have seen companies like Walmart and JP
Morgan, Visa and those companies, Costco

387
00:19:59.057 --> 00:20:01.057
and that pick up as well.

388
00:20:01.057 --> 00:20:03.932
But I think that's starting to now reflect
lower rates.

389
00:20:04.338 --> 00:20:08.197
But look, after Oracle's numbers
yesterday,

390
00:20:08.307 --> 00:20:13.010
where I have never in my life seen a
company of that magnitude.

391
00:20:13.604 --> 00:20:15.151
This wasn't a small company.

392
00:20:15.664 --> 00:20:17.026
put on 40 percent.

393
00:20:17.227 --> 00:20:19.611
It wasn't as though it was at the bottom
end of the market.

394
00:20:20.033 --> 00:20:25.279
This was already had a very high cap, you
know, it was in maybe the top 20 shares on

395
00:20:25.279 --> 00:20:25.401
the S&P.

396
00:20:25.904 --> 00:20:28.068
And I'm just absolutely astonished.

397
00:20:28.069 --> 00:20:33.490
But what and I'd love Viv's view on this,
because when you look at what they're

398
00:20:33.490 --> 00:20:33.550
saying,

399
00:20:33.550 --> 00:20:35.537
the amount of money that's going to be
spent.

400
00:20:36.020 --> 00:20:39.061
On their cloud, you know, it's an
astonishing outlook.

401
00:20:39.100 --> 00:20:44.700
And I think that has given the AI market
or the technology market just another

402
00:20:44.700 --> 00:20:46.700
boost, another lift.

403
00:20:46.700 --> 00:20:46.965
Viv, that's your invitation.

404
00:20:48.926 --> 00:20:50.106
Look, I mean, it kind of makes sense.

405
00:20:50.465 --> 00:20:55.739
If you're going to have a $4.5 trillion
company making the chips, the guys that

406
00:20:55.739 --> 00:20:57.739
are going to be buying the chips have to
make more money than that.

407
00:20:57.739 --> 00:20:59.739
You know what I mean?

408
00:20:59.739 --> 00:21:01.223
And then the guys that are going to be
using these clouds and stuff have to make

409
00:21:01.223 --> 00:21:03.223
more money than that.

410
00:21:03.223 --> 00:21:05.223
We need to start seeing...

411
00:21:05.223 --> 00:21:10.054
huge huge gdp increases to justify these
things here and the fact that we are

412
00:21:10.054 --> 00:21:12.054
seeing demand coming through as strongly
as you are for cloud gives me some hope

413
00:21:12.054 --> 00:21:14.054
that

414
00:21:14.054 --> 00:21:16.999
we are going to be seeing uh you know
these these things coming through and it

415
00:21:16.999 --> 00:21:18.999
also makes me wonder as well you know if
you look at um the why

416
00:21:18.999 --> 00:21:21.359
did the jobs numbers miss that much
because the jobs numbers are a sample

417
00:21:21.359 --> 00:21:23.359
samples

418
00:21:23.359 --> 00:21:27.906
only work when the underlying entity has
not changed you know what i mean so if you

419
00:21:27.906 --> 00:21:29.906
take a sample of something it correlates
within the state of the underlying entity

420
00:21:29.906 --> 00:21:30.734
but if the underlying entity has changed
in some fundamental way.

421
00:21:31.144 --> 00:21:33.845
samples no longer give you the same kind
of accuracy.

422
00:21:34.304 --> 00:21:35.984
And it makes me wonder whether or not the
U.S.

423
00:21:36.027 --> 00:21:42.968
economy is changing so dramatically in a
way that sampling is no longer working as

424
00:21:42.968 --> 00:21:43.090
well because

425
00:21:43.226 --> 00:21:45.250
the underlying economy has changed
fundamentally.

426
00:21:45.570 --> 00:21:52.562
And I think that could be something also
indicating that AI may be feeding into the

427
00:21:52.562 --> 00:21:54.562
economy faster than people have been
anticipating.

428
00:21:54.562 --> 00:21:57.609
Does it also tell you that there's a lot
of money going into mutual funds in the

429
00:21:57.609 --> 00:21:59.609
United States?

430
00:21:59.609 --> 00:22:00.412
in order to fuel this market?

431
00:22:00.433 --> 00:22:02.013
Because where's the market coming from?

432
00:22:02.552 --> 00:22:03.853
Viv, stay with you on this one.

433
00:22:04.095 --> 00:22:04.795
What do you think?

434
00:22:05.814 --> 00:22:10.892
No, but I mean, the mutual funds aren't
buying Oracle's cloud services, you know

435
00:22:10.892 --> 00:22:11.195
what I mean?

436
00:22:12.033 --> 00:22:14.212
So there is actually something happening
there.

437
00:22:14.595 --> 00:22:21.455
There is actually some underlying demand
coming through that Oracle thinks that

438
00:22:21.455 --> 00:22:23.455
it's going to be seeing this huge

439
00:22:23.455 --> 00:22:25.455
kind of cloud demand at the moment.

440
00:22:25.455 --> 00:22:27.455
So I do think that there is something
happening.

441
00:22:27.455 --> 00:22:29.455
I mean, businesses...

442
00:22:29.455 --> 00:22:31.455
Maybe they are overdoing it.

443
00:22:31.455 --> 00:22:33.455
Maybe it's dot-com part two.

444
00:22:33.455 --> 00:22:36.229
But at the moment, it does appear that
there is some kind of use case out there

445
00:22:36.229 --> 00:22:38.229
that businesses are

446
00:22:38.229 --> 00:22:41.378
seeing or someone is seeing that they want
to be using Oracle's cloud to basically

447
00:22:41.378 --> 00:22:43.378
utilize AI.

448
00:22:43.378 --> 00:22:47.174
Well, anyway, it's all going to fall in
the heat when the electricity gets turned

449
00:22:47.174 --> 00:22:49.174
off because

450
00:22:49.174 --> 00:22:51.096
your companies that you're both invested
in are using far too much electricity.

451
00:22:51.404 --> 00:22:54.405
And I saw a chap at the World Economic
Forum on their website,

452
00:22:54.445 --> 00:23:01.009
and he came up with a very plausible
argument as to why they're going to go

453
00:23:01.009 --> 00:23:03.009
into space and put these giant

454
00:23:03.009 --> 00:23:04.486
solar panels and beam it back down to
Earth.

455
00:23:04.525 --> 00:23:11.509
And that will solve the problem because
there's not enough space on Earth to put

456
00:23:11.509 --> 00:23:13.509
the power facilities in

457
00:23:13.509 --> 00:23:15.509
order to power AI.

458
00:23:15.509 --> 00:23:17.509
So that's solved.

459
00:23:17.509 --> 00:23:19.509
Okay.

460
00:23:19.509 --> 00:23:21.509
On the JSC today, the first Rand share
price was the top.

461
00:23:21.509 --> 00:23:22.196
performer of the top shares, 6.1% higher.

462
00:23:22.754 --> 00:23:29.082
African Rainbow Minerals up 3%, Life
Healthcare up 2.6%, and AVI up 2.3% on the

463
00:23:29.082 --> 00:23:29.260
downside.

464
00:23:29.403 --> 00:23:34.731
This is extraordinary, because David, we
spoke about Discovery after their trading

465
00:23:34.731 --> 00:23:36.731
update the other day.

466
00:23:36.731 --> 00:23:39.715
And the trading update was really good,
and the share price jumped 10% or

467
00:23:39.715 --> 00:23:41.715
something like that.

468
00:23:41.715 --> 00:23:43.715
Well, it's fallen around 10%.

469
00:23:43.715 --> 00:23:48.637
In fact, it's fallen on the results 9.25%.
So what are they seeing in the results

470
00:23:48.637 --> 00:23:50.637
that weren't in the trading update.

471
00:23:50.637 --> 00:23:51.570
And there's miscommunication there from
their PR company.

472
00:23:51.992 --> 00:23:55.113
And I think that's very naughty or remiss
of them.

473
00:23:55.355 --> 00:23:56.055
Go on.

474
00:23:58.495 --> 00:24:04.105
I was one who was captivated by the
trading update, particularly what they

475
00:24:04.105 --> 00:24:06.105
were doing in the UK.

476
00:24:06.105 --> 00:24:10.136
But they do say now that I hate the word
headwinds, but they use the word

477
00:24:10.136 --> 00:24:10.150
headwinds.

478
00:24:11.074 --> 00:24:13.855
They're finding both headwinds in China.

479
00:24:14.011 --> 00:24:16.772
and you know in the UK and this is where
the growth came.

480
00:24:17.053 --> 00:24:19.233
If you look at the local business, things
are down.

481
00:24:19.354 --> 00:24:23.932
You know, in other words, they're not
selling as many policies now as they did.

482
00:24:23.971 --> 00:24:27.276
All the growth in policies is beginning to
slow down considerably.

483
00:24:27.792 --> 00:24:34.331
So what they call their, what's it,
premium income, their, you know,

484
00:24:34.503 --> 00:24:35.800
annualized premium income.

485
00:24:36.096 --> 00:24:37.581
And that's starting to come down.

486
00:24:37.675 --> 00:24:43.040
So when you look at, you know, their
health, life, invest and insure,

487
00:24:43.201 --> 00:24:46.143
all of those are slowing down, even though
the numbers were good.

488
00:24:46.604 --> 00:24:49.026
I think that scared people.

489
00:24:49.108 --> 00:24:54.233
But new business volumes, we see it in all
the insurers, are very,

490
00:24:54.334 --> 00:25:00.131
very difficult to grow in an environment
which you point out is not growing.

491
00:25:00.412 --> 00:25:06.459
The other one is that the bank, the bank's
still chewing cash, another 68 million

492
00:25:06.459 --> 00:25:08.459
rand loss or something.

493
00:25:08.459 --> 00:25:10.459
I don't know what the exact number was.

494
00:25:10.459 --> 00:25:12.459
So I was disappointed.

495
00:25:12.459 --> 00:25:15.426
I was quite, you know, I was quite
optimistic for the first time in a long

496
00:25:15.426 --> 00:25:17.426
time when I saw the update.

497
00:25:17.426 --> 00:25:20.668
But when you dig down into the numbers, I
think there are a few obstacles that they

498
00:25:20.668 --> 00:25:22.668
have to get through.

499
00:25:22.668 --> 00:25:23.176
To me, that bank was an ego driven folly.

500
00:25:23.230 --> 00:25:25.301
But anyway, that's just me.

501
00:25:25.441 --> 00:25:27.582
Anyway, other companies not doing so well.

502
00:25:27.660 --> 00:25:29.551
Tungela down six and a quarter percent.

503
00:25:29.613 --> 00:25:31.207
Bytes down nearly four percent.

504
00:25:31.301 --> 00:25:34.144
Pan African Resources down two and a half
and Northam's down.

505
00:25:34.534 --> 00:25:35.675
2.1%.

506
00:25:35.676 --> 00:25:38.997
Okay, before we go to the indices, I've
got to ask you a question, you two.

507
00:25:39.520 --> 00:25:41.341
And Viv, I'll start with you on this one.

508
00:25:41.559 --> 00:25:46.845
A friend of mine phoned me up today and
she said, my company's issued what they

509
00:25:46.845 --> 00:25:48.845
call a code red.

510
00:25:48.845 --> 00:25:48.891
They've already been cutting back this
company.

511
00:25:48.892 --> 00:25:50.891
It's a giant global conglomerate.

512
00:25:51.126 --> 00:25:55.548
The share price has been doing horribly
over the year, bucking the bull market

513
00:25:55.548 --> 00:25:57.548
trend.

514
00:25:57.548 --> 00:25:59.548
They've now issued a code red.

515
00:25:59.548 --> 00:26:00.735
They're forcing people to come back to
work four days a week.

516
00:26:01.014 --> 00:26:06.200
I think trying to put people off and
saying, OK, I'll leave because they they

517
00:26:06.200 --> 00:26:08.200
want to cut costs.

518
00:26:08.200 --> 00:26:12.262
And even silly things like 50 euros a
month that they would give out as

519
00:26:13.184 --> 00:26:14.231
fitness benefits.

520
00:26:14.232 --> 00:26:20.715
You know, if you can prove that you've
improved your fitness via your app on your

521
00:26:20.715 --> 00:26:22.715
watch or something,

522
00:26:22.715 --> 00:26:23.278
you get this 50 euro voucher from a shop.

523
00:26:23.356 --> 00:26:24.543
That's all gone.

524
00:26:24.684 --> 00:26:25.731
All benefits gone.

525
00:26:26.153 --> 00:26:26.871
Four days a week.

526
00:26:26.934 --> 00:26:28.137
Come back into the office.

527
00:26:28.478 --> 00:26:31.861
code red and we're cutting back in all our
European centers.

528
00:26:32.162 --> 00:26:33.621
Would you say that's good?

529
00:26:33.684 --> 00:26:38.770
So I must have a look at this share price
because they're getting rid of the fat and

530
00:26:38.770 --> 00:26:40.770
therefore it'll go up.

531
00:26:40.770 --> 00:26:42.590
Or would you say this is a death knell for
this company?

532
00:26:43.113 --> 00:26:44.355
Viv, what would you say?

533
00:26:44.395 --> 00:26:46.355
Are you an optimist or a pessimist?

534
00:26:47.824 --> 00:26:49.215
A company like that, I'd be a pessimist.

535
00:26:49.293 --> 00:26:53.855
I like a company that has a growing
revenue,

536
00:26:53.856 --> 00:26:56.590
not a company that's trying to improve by
cutting costs.

537
00:26:56.870 --> 00:27:03.177
Unless it's something like, you know,
where you're basically spending tens of

538
00:27:03.177 --> 00:27:05.177
billions of dollars on the thing that only
marks a couple of weeks.

539
00:27:05.177 --> 00:27:08.181
Yeah, stop cutting your nose off and
therefore you'll basically feel a lot

540
00:27:08.181 --> 00:27:08.522
better.

541
00:27:08.540 --> 00:27:11.181
Okay, so that's a sell from Viv.

542
00:27:12.688 --> 00:27:15.790
David, I tend to think, sorry Viv, you're
breaking up a little bit there.

543
00:27:15.806 --> 00:27:16.743
I didn't mean to interrupt.

544
00:27:16.790 --> 00:27:19.852
David, I think you're a pessimist with Viv
on this one.

545
00:27:21.837 --> 00:27:24.821
Yeah, I'm very happy at home.

546
00:27:25.394 --> 00:27:26.594
I love to go into the office.

547
00:27:26.634 --> 00:27:27.334
I go in there.

548
00:27:27.334 --> 00:27:34.212
The problem is that I do about a tenth of
the work and I'm far more efficient at

549
00:27:34.275 --> 00:27:36.017
home than I am in the office.

550
00:27:36.134 --> 00:27:39.994
I realize that I'm being selfish because
I'm not passing.

551
00:27:40.220 --> 00:27:44.501
I'm not communicating with young people
and not mentoring them and so on.

552
00:27:44.783 --> 00:27:51.533
There's time to do that, but I'm enjoying
home and I promise you, Lindsay, I'm 100%

553
00:27:51.533 --> 00:27:53.533
more efficient.

554
00:27:53.533 --> 00:27:54.988
then, well, that's a bit of an
exaggeration at my age.

555
00:27:55.029 --> 00:27:56.890
But, I mean, even now, here you are.

556
00:27:57.851 --> 00:28:01.054
Instead of going home now, as we come off
the conversation,

557
00:28:01.117 --> 00:28:07.343
I'm going to just go through a few points
and finish off and I'll be finished in

558
00:28:07.343 --> 00:28:09.343
about 6.30 or something and then

559
00:28:09.343 --> 00:28:11.343
that's it.

560
00:28:11.343 --> 00:28:13.343
Whereas I would never do that at the
office.

561
00:28:13.343 --> 00:28:15.343
Okay, well, thanks for your domestic
arrangements.

562
00:28:15.343 --> 00:28:18.937
But what I was really asking was would you
be a buyer or a seller of the company that

563
00:28:18.937 --> 00:28:20.937
I just described?

564
00:28:20.937 --> 00:28:22.937
You're a seller as well.

565
00:28:22.937 --> 00:28:24.937
Okay.

566
00:28:24.937 --> 00:28:26.937
Sorry for that long window.

567
00:28:26.937 --> 00:28:28.937
No, no, I enjoyed it.

568
00:28:28.937 --> 00:28:29.753
I've got this lovely picture in my mind
now of you sitting down and doing a few

569
00:28:29.753 --> 00:28:31.753
points and going off for a run or
something,

570
00:28:31.753 --> 00:28:31.995
getting a takeaway, whatever it is.

571
00:28:32.456 --> 00:28:33.156
But very nice.

572
00:28:33.156 --> 00:28:33.781
Thank you.

573
00:28:33.781 --> 00:28:35.800
Okay, so we've got two sellers on this
one.

574
00:28:35.902 --> 00:28:37.823
I'll send you the chart of the company.

575
00:28:38.589 --> 00:28:39.289
Sorry, go on.

576
00:28:39.289 --> 00:28:43.011
David says that he's more efficient, but
the point about him passing on knowledge,

577
00:28:43.448 --> 00:28:49.027
I would bet the amount of value David adds
by being in the office and just, like, you

578
00:28:49.027 --> 00:28:51.027
know, shooting the breeze with young
people is...

579
00:28:51.027 --> 00:28:53.027
Quite vast, actually.

580
00:28:53.027 --> 00:28:55.823
Imagine the experience these guys are
getting by talking to him and

581
00:28:55.823 --> 00:28:57.823
understanding the history of the market,
et cetera.

582
00:28:57.823 --> 00:29:01.851
And it may seem like intangible, but I
mean, that is why the company has a

583
00:29:01.851 --> 00:29:02.090
future.

584
00:29:02.090 --> 00:29:04.015
It's because of that tradition of passing
information.

585
00:29:04.374 --> 00:29:10.819
And being at home, you do your own KPIs,
yes, but the benefit to the company that

586
00:29:10.819 --> 00:29:12.819
they lose out for not having you actually
just

587
00:29:12.819 --> 00:29:14.819
passing information.

588
00:29:14.819 --> 00:29:16.819
It's going to be quite large.

589
00:29:16.819 --> 00:29:17.132
Well, yeah, the youngsters are boring
today.

590
00:29:17.974 --> 00:29:19.916
Hey, hey Lindsay.

591
00:29:19.917 --> 00:29:21.378
Oh God, I can't stand the...

592
00:29:21.516 --> 00:29:27.501
I really can't stand young people and it's
obviously because we're getting old, but I

593
00:29:27.501 --> 00:29:29.501
can't stand them.

594
00:29:29.501 --> 00:29:30.587
They're not the same people that we were,
David.

595
00:29:30.704 --> 00:29:31.704
I don't know about Viv.

596
00:29:33.009 --> 00:29:34.032
He's a dark horse.

597
00:29:36.110 --> 00:29:39.610
I agree with you, they're terribly boring,
but Viv makes a very good point.

598
00:29:40.735 --> 00:29:43.235
They should wheel out old people like you
occasionally.

599
00:29:43.526 --> 00:29:48.292
to come in and have a chat and say things
like, I remember in the old days we used

600
00:29:48.292 --> 00:29:50.292
to do this and this and this.

601
00:29:50.292 --> 00:29:51.514
And I am being facetious, of course, but
it is terribly interesting.

602
00:29:51.776 --> 00:29:55.581
I mean, that's why I love talking to you.

603
00:29:56.698 --> 00:29:57.737
We do it twice a week.

604
00:29:58.182 --> 00:29:59.885
And usually I learn something.

605
00:30:00.338 --> 00:30:01.479
There's some wisdom there.

606
00:30:03.885 --> 00:30:06.870
You know, Lindsay, everybody's going to
the Coldplay concert.

607
00:30:06.871 --> 00:30:08.557
They don't even know who Coldplay is.

608
00:30:08.938 --> 00:30:09.638
It is.

609
00:30:09.638 --> 00:30:10.359
They don't even know who Asus is.

610
00:30:10.519 --> 00:30:12.664
So I say, why do you want to go to the
concerts?

611
00:30:12.665 --> 00:30:14.504
You don't even know who these people are.

612
00:30:16.207 --> 00:30:17.703
Yeah, it's very true.

613
00:30:20.187 --> 00:30:21.289
I stopped going to my...

614
00:30:21.290 --> 00:30:23.015
I listened to him on Spotify.

615
00:30:23.070 --> 00:30:27.609
Anyway, I stopped going to my hairdresser
because the drivel that she comes out

616
00:30:27.609 --> 00:30:27.903
with.

617
00:30:27.903 --> 00:30:32.406
Just to shut her up, I said, I'd say
something like, did you hear about Charlie

618
00:30:32.406 --> 00:30:34.406
Cook?

619
00:30:34.406 --> 00:30:36.406
And she'll say, who's that?

620
00:30:36.406 --> 00:30:38.406
Is he with Coldplay or is he...

621
00:30:38.943 --> 00:30:40.203
Is he the drummer in Watson?

622
00:30:40.383 --> 00:30:42.922
No, it's the youth of today.

623
00:30:44.383 --> 00:30:45.367
I fear for the future.

624
00:30:45.688 --> 00:30:47.461
David, closing indices, please.

625
00:30:48.102 --> 00:30:48.802
If you've got them.

626
00:30:48.922 --> 00:30:49.805
Yeah, yeah, come on now.

627
00:30:49.806 --> 00:30:52.203
By talking so much, my computer is logged
out.

628
00:30:53.125 --> 00:30:55.203
Even your computer turned off.

629
00:30:55.281 --> 00:30:58.469
Okay.

630
00:30:58.470 --> 00:31:01.235
Well, look, I can help a little bit on
this one.

631
00:31:01.236 --> 00:31:01.936
I can help, yeah.

632
00:31:01.936 --> 00:31:02.622
How can you?

633
00:31:02.622 --> 00:31:03.531
Is it on again now?

634
00:31:04.318 --> 00:31:09.543
Because it was a good day on the JSC,
despite the fact that the commodities were

635
00:31:09.543 --> 00:31:09.884
down.

636
00:31:09.965 --> 00:31:10.665
Go on.

637
00:31:10.665 --> 00:31:12.063
You mentioned resources were down.

638
00:31:12.649 --> 00:31:15.469
There was a little bit of easing off
there.

639
00:31:15.493 --> 00:31:16.211
Nothing serious.

640
00:31:16.212 --> 00:31:23.000
The resource index down 0.7%. The overall
index up a third of a percent, 103.927.

641
00:31:23.032 --> 00:31:24.360
I don't know whether this is new records.

642
00:31:24.391 --> 00:31:25.672
I think we're making it every day.

643
00:31:26.032 --> 00:31:31.297
Financial strong, I think, picked up with
first round lifting the index.

644
00:31:31.329 --> 00:31:33.266
It has a big weight in the banking index.

645
00:31:33.858 --> 00:31:37.678
And, you know, financials, I mean,
industrial is pretty strong as well.

646
00:31:38.057 --> 00:31:42.276
That's despite the RAND improving, you
know, which takes some of the edge off.

647
00:31:42.557 --> 00:31:46.440
The other one we must watch is I see
property going up every day.

648
00:31:46.464 --> 00:31:47.323
Yeah.

649
00:31:47.339 --> 00:31:50.979
Every day that property market is
improving as those rates come down.

650
00:31:51.026 --> 00:31:52.745
You mentioned the long rate coming down.

651
00:31:53.057 --> 00:31:57.979
You know, as that come down, it makes some
of the property companies a lot more

652
00:31:57.979 --> 00:31:59.979
attractive,

653
00:31:59.979 --> 00:32:00.198
even though they're still battling along
at the moment.

654
00:32:00.604 --> 00:32:02.964
Growth point numbers came out yesterday,
of course.

655
00:32:02.965 --> 00:32:08.466
shit Okay, so, and the overall indices
were what, please, David, on the close?

656
00:32:08.467 --> 00:32:12.149
So, the all-share index was at 103.927.

657
00:32:12.188 --> 00:32:13.626
That was up a third of a percent.

658
00:32:13.891 --> 00:32:16.485
The top 40, 96529,

659
00:32:16.548 --> 00:32:20.930
also up 0.3%.

660
00:32:20.931 --> 00:32:21.631
Very good.

661
00:32:21.631 --> 00:32:21.897
Okay, value traffic.

662
00:32:22.290 --> 00:32:22.990
Volumes were down.

663
00:32:22.990 --> 00:32:25.227
Yeah, volumes have been very high.

664
00:32:25.712 --> 00:32:32.149
That Valterra deal, you know, the
Anglo-American getting out of their full.

665
00:32:32.998 --> 00:32:34.099
You know, they're holding.

666
00:32:35.060 --> 00:32:41.648
Those shares have been circulating and
trading up and down all over the place and

667
00:32:41.648 --> 00:32:43.648
have picked up, you know,

668
00:32:43.648 --> 00:32:45.648
made volumes up pretty high.

669
00:32:45.648 --> 00:32:49.890
Again, even if you look now at Goldfields,
First Rand, Angler Gold, Naspers, Feltera,

670
00:32:49.890 --> 00:32:51.890
all the main traders,

671
00:32:51.890 --> 00:32:53.890
it wasn't as big as it has been.

672
00:32:53.890 --> 00:32:55.890
But the volumes have been pretty brisk.

673
00:32:55.890 --> 00:32:57.890
Very good.

674
00:32:57.890 --> 00:32:59.890
Okay, it'll be quiet until next week.

675
00:32:59.890 --> 00:33:00.795
Oh, next week, you know what, I've got to,
I'm not here next week.

676
00:33:00.796 --> 00:33:02.197
So we'll take a break.

677
00:33:02.416 --> 00:33:09.326
And we'll be, it'll be the week after that
we resume and the world will be a

678
00:33:09.326 --> 00:33:11.326
different place.

679
00:33:11.326 --> 00:33:13.326
Then I can promise you that.

680
00:33:13.326 --> 00:33:15.326
David, thank you very much for your time.

681
00:33:15.326 --> 00:33:16.256
David Shapiro is from Sasson Securities,
Viv from RAM Swiss.

682
00:33:16.303 --> 00:33:17.724
And that was the five o'clock shadow.

683
00:33:18.178 --> 00:33:23.490
The views and opinions expressed in these
podcasts are those of Lindsay Williams and

684
00:33:23.490 --> 00:33:25.490
various contributors.

685
00:33:25.490 --> 00:33:29.608
and do not reflect the policy, position,
or opinion of any other agency,

686
00:33:29.608 --> 00:33:31.608
organization, employer,

687
00:33:31.608 --> 00:33:33.811
or company associated with
StrictlyBusinessPodcast.com.

688
00:33:34.272 --> 00:33:41.233
Assumptions made on the analyses are not
reflective of the position of any other

689
00:33:41.233 --> 00:33:43.233
entity other than the speaker or the
author.

690
00:33:43.233 --> 00:33:47.405
And since we are critically thinking human
beings, these views are always subject to

691
00:33:47.405 --> 00:33:49.405
change, revision,

692
00:33:49.405 --> 00:33:49.545
and rethinking at any time.

693
00:33:49.858 --> 00:33:52.280
Please do not hold us to them in
perpetuity.
